| M. Kâzım Orbay 1320 (1904)-Sah. Top. 1 |
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Kâzım Orbay |
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| Born | December 0, 1887 Smyrna (İzmir), Ottoman Empire |
| Died | June 3, 1964 (aged 77) Istanbul, Turkey |
| Buried at | Zincirlikuyu Mezarlığı Transferred to State Cemetery |
| Allegiance | Ottoman Empire Turkey |
| Years of service | Ottoman: December 11, 1904–1920 Turkey: 1920 – July 6, 1950 |
| Rank | Orgeneral |
| Commands held | 3rd Caucasian Division, Second Chief of the General Staff, 4th Corps, General Commander of Gendarmerie, Third Army, Member of the Supreme Military Council, Deputy Chief of the General Staff, Chief of the General Staff, Member of the Supreme Military Council |
| Battles/wars | Balkan Wars First World War War of Independence Dersim Rebellion |
| Other work | President of the Constituent Assembly, Senator |
Mehmet Kâzım Orbay (March 11, 1887 – June 3, 1964) was a Turkish general and senator. He served as the third Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish Armed Forces.
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Kâzım Orbay was born in Smyrna (present day: İzmir), Ottoman Empire in 1887. He graduated from Mühendishâne-i Berrî-i Hümâyûn (Imperial School of Military Engineering) joined the army in the rank of an artillery lieutenant in 1904. After finishing the Staff College in 1907, he became a staff officer. In 1908, he attended military courses in Germany and fought then in the Balkan Wars. He was appointed to chief adjutant of the Ministry of War in the Ottoman cabinet and served so to Enver Pasha during the World War I. During this time, he was deputed as the Ottoman representative to the Afghan government in the Niedermayer-Hentig Expedition in 1915, when he presented to Emir Habibullah Khan the Ottoman Sultan's declaration of Jihad, Ottoman Empire's desire to avoid a fatricidal war between Islamic people, and her message to Afghanistan to join the Central Powers, break with British Empire and declare war against British India.
After the occupation of Turkey by the Allies following the defeat of the Ottoman Empire, he joined the independence movement in Anatolia. Participating actively in the Turkish War of Independence, he served in several commanding positions in the Eastern Front Army between 1920 and 1922. He fought in the Caucasus and took part in the Battle of Dumlupinar.
In 1926, he was promoted to the rank of a three-star general and appointed to vice chief general staff. During 1928 and 1929, Kâzım Orbay served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Afghanistan Kingdom. Returned to Turkey, he held high-ranking military posts and in 1935, he was promoted to the rank of a four-star general.
Succeeding Fevzi Çakmak, he served as the Chief of the General Staff of the Turkish armed forces during the time between January 12, 1944 and July 23, 1946, before he resigned.
Kâzım Orbay retired on July 6, 1950. After the military coup of 1960, he was elected senator in 1961 and served as the president of the parliament.
He died of stomach cancer in Ankara and was laid to rest in the Turkish State Cemetery.
He was married to Mediha Hanım, who is the sister of Enver Pasha, and they had a son named Haşmet. On October 16, 1945, Haşmet Orbay murdered physician Naci Arzan. The investigation of the event known as Ankara Murder turned into a political scandal involving the Republican People's Party apparatus.
| Military offices | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded by Ahmet Zeki Soydemir |
General Commander of Gendarmerie July 30, 1930 – August 24, 1935 |
Succeeded by Naci Tınaz |
| Preceded by Ali Sait Akbaytogan |
Inspector of the Third Army September 3, 1935 – March 5, 1943 |
Succeeded by Mustafa Muğlalı |
| Preceded by Fevzi Çakmak |
Chief of the General Staff of Turkey January 12, 1944 – July 30, 1946 |
Succeeded by Salih Omurtak |
| Political offices | ||
| Preceded by Refik Koraltan |
President of the Constituent Assembly of Turkey January 9, 1961 – October 26, 1961 |
Succeeded by Fuat Sirmen |
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